Candidates Available - Consultants of Hospitality Administrators (CHA-International) - Consultants of Hospitality Administrators (CHA-International) named as the. Introduction. Please note that most of these Brand Names are registered Trade Marks, Company Names or otherwise controlled and their inclusion in this index is. Double High Shelves High Back #2 H&E 0.95 oz. Popcorn Boxes 500/cs #25E H&E Popcorn Boxes 500/cs #3 H&E 1.25 oz. T Popcorn Boxes 500/cs #3.5 H&E 2 oz. Popcorn Boxes. News & Articles – Mud and Wood. November 2. 01. 3A few weeks ago, Kevin Mc. Cabe's massive cob "castle" featured on Grand Designs. Although he had run out of money and the project had come to a standstill, he should eventually be on track for meeting the highest possible standard for a "sustainable" home in England. Personally, I question what the hell is "sustainable" about building a 6,0.
However, I am still incredibly grateful to Kevin Mc. Cabe for doing so much to place cob in the public eye, show how far it can be pushed as a material and how sophisticated it can be. For anyone who has been nervous about cob, building regulations and U- values, the Mc. Cabe house seemed to hint at a breakthrough regarding this thorny issue. However, when the solution was to wrap the 6. Kevin Mc. Cloud appeared to baulk. He commented that it just seemed at odds with the fundamental ethos of cob. Kevin Mc. Cabe explained that to meet the regulations without adding this insulation, his walls would have to be about 5m thick - point made.. Kevin Mc. Cabe's 6,0. Cob Castle as featured on Channel 4's Grand Designs. But is that it? Is this the end of the line for pure cob walls and must all cob buildings from hereonin be wrapped in insulation? Let me say for the record that I am not against insulation on cob walls per se. In some cases I think that using an insulation such as hemp- lime or wood fibre could be extremely effective in improving the thermal performance of a cob wall. However, I do question the level of insulation that current calculations decree is necessary. I question this because the main way that we measure thermal comfort is hopelessly inadequate for reflecting the actual experience; it misrepresents the thermal properties of many materials. Unfortunately the calculations seem to favour synthetic, often toxic materials and ignore the many additional benefits (and thermal properties) associated with natural materials. In Ireland, in the past few months there have been two public consultations regarding energy efficiency in buildings; I have made submissions to both. The first was regarding DEAP (Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure), the software which calculates whether or not your home is compliant with Part L of the Building Regulations (Conservation of Fuel and Energy - Dwellings). As it currently stands, for a typical stand- alone cob wall, 6. David Walliams as Little Britain's Carol Beer, "Computer says no."Building with earth is not some crazy, off- the- wall idea beloved by hippies and survivalists. I contend that it is a valid, contemporary construction material which could contribute significantly to the quest for long- term, sustainable solutions for expanding populations with increasing standards of living. However, if regulation continually favours more conventional building materials and sidelines unconventional, misunderstood, unfashionable materials, such as cob, the exciting and beneficial properties of such materials may never be fully harnessed. In my submissions, I tried to highlight the many studies that have already been carried out on the properties of earth as a building material, as well as the questions which require further investigation. I did not want the "establishment" to think I was some nutty lady who wants us all to live like hobbits, but rather that there is some very good science out there which bolsters the case for natural building and not just energy efficient building. Who wants to live in earthen buildings? Hippies? ...... Hobbits? If you would like to read the full text of my submission on DEAP, click here. The rest of this article provides background and an overview of the submission. The titles refer to different sections in the DEAP Manual. Accredited or Certified Data for Materials. More and more, there is a requirement for building materials to be laboratory tested and certified. Obviously when building with materials such as cob, where the base ingredient is unique to the site, or straw bales, where the base ingredient depends on the crop type, baling process, etc., this requirement poses a problem. Yet surviving earth buildings, which are centuries (even millenia) old, prove that earth construction has already been tried and tested far more effectively than any lab could accomplish. Countries such as Austria and the U. S. have well- established codes for straw bale buildings. In my submission I suggested that for such types of "home- made" materials, as long as best practice is followed, they should be accepted as being up to scratch. U- Values are Fundamentally Flawed. Ahh .. the dreaded U- value. This is a very crude way of assessing how much heat will pass through a material. If this material forms the walls or floor or roof of your house and allows a lot of heat to pass through it quickly, your house will get cold very quickly. Insulation is great at preventing heat from passing through it quickly. That all seems logical enough. U- values for all the different materials (concrete block, brick, timber, plasterboard, cement render, mineral wool insulation, foam insulation, hemp insulation, wood fibre insulation, etc., etc., even cob) are established under laboratory conditions. The internal and external temperatures (meant to represent the temperature in your house and the temperature outside) remain constant and the flow of heat through the material is measured. Because the temperatures are constant, the transfer of heat is steady and uniform. Therein lies the problem. The fact of the matter is that in the real world, internal and external temperatures fluctuate constantly. The heating comes on, the back door is left open, the dinner is in the oven, more people arrive in the house, the sun comes out, it rains, the wind picks up, night falls, etc. Materials such as cob possess a characteristic called thermal mass. This means they have the ability to store heat and release it back into a room when the temperature drops. It is known that only the first 7. DEAP does actually take this fact into account. However, cob also possesses a characteristic called thermal inertia. Not only can cob store heat, it also physically slows down the flow of heat through its body. This ability is also known as capacitive insulation. In a steady state environment (i. However, in the real world, the effect in monolithic, massive materials such as cob and hempcrete is significant and the wider the wall (i. Tests carried out on hempcrete proved that the material transferred almost 3 times less heat than the steady state model estimated. In fact, the hempcrete, with its worse U- value, outperformed mineral wool insulation, despite the mineral wool having a much better U- value on paper. Tests carried out by Historic Scotland on an 1. Century cob building found that the uninsulated walls transferred only 5. It should be noted that while concrete does have high thermal mass, it has no thermal inertia and so does not have the benefit of capacitive insulation. The Performance Gap. U- values are supposed to predict how well or how badly a material will be able to prevent heat from passing through it. I have already illustrated that they are a poor way to measure this characteristic. Recent research has also highlighted the fact that for the majority of standard- built buildings, the actual energy performance has turned out to be much, much worse than the calculated expectation; 7. This is known as the "performance gap". So although these buildings may tick all the boxes on paper, they rarely get anywhere close to that in reality. This is mainly due to poor detailing and bad workmanship. This is one area where the Passivehaus movement (extremely highly insulated, air- tight, mechanically venitlated, low energy buildings) has led the way, as the buildings must be tested during construction. There is now a recommendation (but not a requirement) included in the Irish building regulations to carry out air- tightness tests during construction for all new- builds. These infra- red camera photos highlight typical areas where cold is escaping the building due to bad detailing or poor workmanship. Yellow is warm, meaning the heat is being retained. Purple to black is colder, indicating an area where there is heat loss. In the first photo, you can make out the timber studs in the wall (vertical orange lines) with insulation between (yellow). At the top of the wall, the insulation has either slumped or was never installed in the first place. In the second photo, the cold patch on the ceiling could indicate that no insulation was installed in the tricky- to- reach eaves. The very dark corner indicates significant heat loss, where no insulation was installed between the last timber stud and the corner. The home- owner would experience high heating bills, even though the calculations on paper would indicate that this is an energy- saving house with good levels of insulation. The Performance Gap still remains a problem. Air- tightness tests reveal the presence of air leaks, but they do not uncover missing insulation or thermal bridges. Yet, as experiments carried out by Historic Scotland and Lime Technology proved, monolithic materials (with high thermal mass and high thermal inertia) outperform expectations. A major advantage of monolithic construction is that there is very little detailing involved. There are no awkward junctions where one material meets another, or multiple layers of materials that could be poorly installed, damaged during installation or omitted altogether. This means, from a workmanship point of view, there is a lot less that can go wrong. Ventilation Requirements. Drafty buildings lose a lot of heat. That is why there is a drive to get buildings more air- tight. However, it is still important that stale air can get out of a building and that fresh air can get in. The idea with ventilation is to control the movement of air into and out of a building, rather than leave it to chance with gaps around windows, gaps between floorboards, gaps in the roof, etc. Wake Up New Zealand | What Does The Globalist Agenda / New World. Order Plan Mean For New Zealanders? Current Events and Breaking News. What Parents Should Know About EMFs And Wi. Fi & 5. G Is An International Health Crisis In The Making. August 1. 7 2. 01. From: Activist. Post / Activist. Post / Various. EMFs (electromagnetic frequencies) and RFs (radio frequencies) contribute to Electrosmog; both frequencies affect and compromise the human organism, especially children’s. I’ve been a consumer health researcher since the late 1. I was one of the few healthcare professionals to learn and to be concerned about vaccine adverse events in the 1. I knew or those I worked with began hearing Moms’ heart- wrenching stories of how their infants were damaged by vaccines and had not been the same since. Related: What Science is Telling Us About Earth’s Electromagnetic Fields & How They Connect to Our Own. As a result of that exposure on a very definitive timeline, I’ve been following the research, activism, corporatism, and politics of vaccines ever since. My 2. Vaccination Voodoo What YOU Don’t Know About Vaccines is available on Amazon. However, for how harmful vaccines are for virtually castrating the immature immune system of an infant and/or toddler, there is something equally as harmful, if maybe not worse, which just about everyone thinks is perfectly safe. What I’m talking about is microwave technology wavelengths that enable all the smart phones, Apps and other high tech devices and games most people “buy into and love,” plus accept as “safe.” Nothing can be further from the authentic scientific facts. There are several particulars I think you ought to know. The information is imperative to understanding health problems and issues, which, unfortunately, can stem from and/or be caused by constant EMF exposures, especially at low levels. Related: Wireless Tech Specialist: 5. G Will Irradiate Populations; Violates Human Rights & Nuremburg Treaty 1. All smart and/or microwave tech gadgets ‘safety’ parameters are based on World War II science and thermal effects. None consider non- thermal radiation wave length adverse health effects. Any electronic device that can send and/or receive voice, data, graphics, etc. RFs. Cell phones, i. Phones, Wi- Fi, routers, baby monitors, are significant devices emitting RFs. Those devices operate in the 2- 3- 4 GHz (gigahertz) range, which are more problematic or harmful especially to children. Why are children more vulnerable to EMFs/RFs? Kids’ bodies and organs are still developing; the brain until around 2. All human bodies contain between 6. Therefore, children’s smaller, less developed bodies and tissues are more vulnerable to RF exposure, especially from Wi- Fi in school and at home. Microwaves vibrate water. Water and microwaves: Water molecules contain three atoms and so can vibrate in a number of different ways. When microwaves pass through water the water molecules absorb some of the microwave energy and as a result they twist and turn, writhing around, as the radiation passes by. Source. Think of Wi- Fi using this analogy: Wi- Fi is like leaving your microwave oven on, operating at high power with the oven door left open. Now think one such analogy and device for every room in your house, if your house is not hard- wired for safe Wi- Fi, but you use routers. Keep all high tech, smart appliances away from the use by children, especially cell phones for those who are young.- Source. No cell phones, TV, computers, electronic games in a child’s bedroom. Never allow anyone to sleep with a cell phone on the bed, clasped in their hand or under a pillow. Fried brains, anyone? At night, turn off circuit breakers to bedrooms, if need be, to get away from AMI Smart Meters sending EMFs with dirty electricity or sinusoidal harmonics pulsing over copper wiring inside your bedroom walls, thousand times faster than the 6. Hz wiring is built to carry. Those sinusoidal waves radiate out 6 to 8 feet and have been documented as interfering with the brain’s production of melatonin, which occurs during sleep at night when the body is in the recuperative/repair stage of its 2. The Schumann Resonance is the hertz frequency at which the human body resonates or vibrates electromagnetically, which is 7. Hz. Humans basically are electromagnetic beings. That is confirmed by medical tests that measure brain, heart and muscle activity. However, EMFs/RFs coming off microwave technology appliances are in the thousands, if not hundreds of thousands times faster ranges, therefore, contributing constant stresses to all bodily functions, especially the brain and central nervous system. Click on the image above to view a larger version in a new window. EMFs/RFs affect children on the Autism Spectrum leading to higher anxieties, plus more confusion. Therefore, exposure should be eliminated from all sources and appliances. Source. 9. High tech reliance is a newly- acquired human addiction, which has psychologists worried about the younger generations and how they are being affected negatively, socially and emotionally. Study a comprehensive chart of the Electromagnetic Spectrum to understand how various smart appliances are rated. Cell phones frequency ranges are from 3. KHz to 3. 00 GHz. Because of such extreme overuse and addictions to i. Phones, smart phones and cell phones, tech providers now want to install 5. G microwave antennas right outside your front porch on a pole. 5. G has not been tested for safety, as far as I know, and it can be assumed the U. S. Federal Communications Commission automatically will approve it as ‘safe’ as they have approved all other frequencies based upon the erroneous ICNIRP (Internal Commission on Non- Ionizing Radiation Protection) principle that there are no EMF/RF wavelengths as non- thermal radiation waves, just thermal or heat effects, which comes from World War II radar research days. Related: Create A Low EMF Bedroom – The Foundation Of A Healthy Life. It’s 2. 01. 7; how far behind the scientific times does the microwave industry have to stay to hoodwink everyone, like the tobacco industry did until the 1. Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health. In April of 2. 01. Italian court ruled a work- related use of a mobile phone caused an executive to develop a benign brain tumor. Slowly awareness is coming into the high tech microwave world of legal law suits. However, microwave industry associations’ science is flawed and their products and services are compromising to human health. There’s a terrific cartoon- like infomercial on the Internet about how utility companies Smart Meters will collect and sell your personal use data and information to unknown third parties for marketing purposes without your knowledge and/or consent. High tech created the algorithm “Onzo,” which tracks your every appliance usage. Google O- N- Z- O smart meter algorithm and watch what you don’t know come to reality. One Hertz (Hz) equals one cycle per second. One kilohertz (KHz) is equivalent to one thousand cycles per second. One megahertz (MHz) equals one million cycles per second. A Gigahertz (GHz) is a frequency equal to one billion hertz or cycles per second. Microwaves are a specific category of radio waves that loosely can be defined as radiofrequency energy at frequencies ranging from 1 GHz to 3. GHz. 1. 4. When an individual’s body biology and biochemistry have been assaulted and saturated for too long by EMFs/RFs and they no longer can tolerate living in the sea of electrosmog from EMFs/RFs. They become electromagnetically hypersensitive (EHS) or idiopathic environment intolerant (IEI), as some medical doctors diagnose the syndrome, which has become more prevalent due to all the smart tech appliances and AMI Smart Meters. USA citizens are EHS; 1. Swedish; 2. 7% of Danish and 3. German citizens are EHS. The American Academy of Environmental Medicine publishes online its “Recommendations Regarding Electromagnetic And Radiofrequency Exposure,” which I heartily suggest everyone studies and prints out to save. The FCC safety guidelines say you should not be subjected to a field of 6. A microwatt is equal to one- millionth of a watt. However, no one has factored in the cumulative total number of microwatts from all EMF/RF sources, so that the FCC safety guideline basically is way off the mark, I say. Those figures are based on outdated science. Updated safety guidelines have to be recalculated for 2. Wi- Fi for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week in a school classroom or at your place of employment; c. AMI Smart Meters pulses and non- thermal exposures coming over inside- house- wall- wires from sinusoidal harmonics thousands times faster than the 6. Hz wiring is built to withstand and deliver. Isn’t that both fire and health hazards? Lastly, Lloyd’s of London and Swiss Re, two major insurance companies of the world, will not cover medical expenses incurred due to electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation (EMR), i. Wi- Fi, cell towers, antennas, DAS network coverage, Internet of Things (Io. T), devices, smart meters, etc. What does that tell you? The country of Russia apparently has denied 5. G rollout and is planning on using fiber optic cables to deliver Internet to everyone - the safest way possible, but not in the USA or with the FCC! Related: The U. S. FCC Is Asleep At The Switch Regarding RF Safety Standards And Protecting The Public. Now I’d like to share information I consider important to know and was generated by independent AMI Smart Meter researchers in California. The findings are based upon what they found investigating an Itron AMI Smart Meter output measurements: RF/EMF readings drop from 8,0. That information indicates the importance of putting distance between you and an AMI Smart Meter and the use of shielding, if you cannot keep an analog meter.
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